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Volume 1, Issue 4 (9-2015)
Introduction and purpose: Physical activity is an important component of health at old age and energy expenditure vary according to level of physical activity. The current study aimed to assess physical activity-related energy expenditure and metabolic equivalent of elderly in Kashan, Iran.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 elderly (aged more than 60 years old) attending to health care centers of Kashan. The sampling method in this study was multiple-stage cluster sampling. International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to calculate physical activity and the metabolic equivalent. Data analyzed using SPSS version 16 by employing variety of tests including descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Kruskal-Wallis test and regression. The significance level for all the tests were considered p<0.05.
Findings: The results of this study indicated that average metabolic expenditure of elderly was 364.84 ±326.21 (IQR=222). Majority of elderly (%79.2) placed in low energy expenditure category and mainly (%87.2) had low levels of physical activity. Our findings showed a significant relationship between the average energy expenditure with physical activity level (p=0.001). According to the results of regression analysis, walking (p=0.001), personal affairs (p=0.001), housekeeping Affairs (p=0.001), activities related to leisure time (p=0.001) and sedentary activities (p=0.001) were significant predictors of energy expenditure among elderly.
Conclusion: The results of current study showed that elderly had low level of energy expenditure and physical activity. Thereby, it is recommended to provide opportunities for physical activity at health-care centers and educate staffs for motivating elderly to have an active life.
Volume 2, Issue 2 (3-2016)
Introduction and Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association between physical activity, religious beliefs and happiness among older women.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was conducted among 97 women (including 46 active and 51 inactive elderly) aged more than 55 years old living in the Rasht city. Participants were recruited using simple random sampling method. Women were asked to fill up the Oxford Happiness Inventory Test and the Religious Beliefs Scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 18 using Pearson correlation, t-tests and multiple regression analysis.
Findings: The results of this study showed that level of physical activity was significantly (p<0/001) different between active and inactive women. However, there were no significant differences in the practice of religious beliefs and happiness among two groups. The results of correlation analysis showed that there are significant positive correlations (p<0.001) between physical activity, religious beliefs and happiness. Findings from regression analysis showed that religious beliefs predict happiness among women aged more than 55 years old.
Conclusion: Several factors affect physical, psychological and social health status of elderly. Our findings indicated that community interventions should be planned in a way to promote happiness, physical activity and practicing religious beliefs.
Volume 3, Issue 3 (6-2017)
Introduction and purpose: Changes in sleep quality is one of the important physiological changes that appears during aging and the aging process .So we can say negative changes in sleep quality is one of the problems that affect the quality of life in old age. The aim of this study was to investigate sleep quality in active and passive elderly men in Shiraz’s parks.
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 elderly male volunteers and available participated in this study that 56 people have physical activity (active) and 44 were inactive .Information via standard questionnaire Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were collected. To analyze the data we used of SPSS/18, independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance (p= 0.05).
Findings:The results showed that active elder compared to inactive are in a better position in measures of effective sleep (p=0.01), sleep disorders (p=0.002), the hypnotic drug consumption (p=0.007), dysfunction in the morning (p=0.002), the overall quality of sleep (p=0.002).
Conclusion: Voluntary participation in sports activities in parks and green spaces has a positive effect on sleep quality in the elderly. Therefore, it is suggested that participating in physical activities used as a complementary way to improve sleep quality in the elderly.
Volume 3, Issue 3 (6-2017)
Introduction and purpose:considering of Specific needs, attention to health behaviors and quality of life in the elderly is a very important issue that is mostly ignored. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of life of elderly women in nursing homes in Shiraz and its association with physical activity.
Materials and Methods: A total of 186 elderly women above the 65 years voluntary selected and participated in this study. Information were collected via International Physical Activity standard Questionnaire SF36 quality of life questionnaires. To analyze the data we used of SPSS/18, and Spearman correlation test, Kruskal-Wallis and U Mann-Whitney (α= 0.05).
Findings: The results of present study showed that there are significant correlation between physical activity and quality of life in elderly women (p=0.001).also Quality of life in sedentary older women was significantly lower than enough mobility older women (p=0.001).
Conclusion: according of result we can said that participation in physical activity has a significant positive correlation with improved quality of life, therefore recommended to officials that used of physical activity as a means to improve the quality of life of elderly living in nursing homes.
Volume 3, Issue 4 (9-2017)
Background & Aims: Eldely is a stage in human life that is naturally with reduced physical and mental abilities. Exercise is one of the most effective methods for preventing old age disorders. The aim of this research is studying the relation of physical activity level with depression and the quality of life among elderly people in ALAVIJEH.
Material & Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical research, 100 elderly people, older than 64 years old, were chosen in ALAVIJEH with racemiform sampling.
In order to assess the three questionnaires of depression (GDS) and the questionnaire of 36 questions about quality of life (SF-36) with two general dimensions of physical health and mental health and the questionaire of physical activity of the researcher were used to complete this research. We used mean and standard deviation to describe the research data. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to test the research hypotheses. All analyzes were performed at the level of P≥0.05 and analyzed by SPSS software version 18.
Results: In order to try theories, the Spearman adhesion factor was used.
The analysis show that there is a direct and significant relation between not having physical activity and depression and also between physical and psychological health and not having physical activity there is a significant and negative relation among elderly people in ALAVIJEH.
Conclusion: The results indicated that physical activity, depression and the quality of life among elderly people are connected together and more physical exercises in elderly people's life will improve their physical and psychological health and it is noted that people who are in charge of elderly people's life, should provide the facilities for physical activity among this group of people.
Doing simple exercises and having regular physical activity is the most important method and the cheapest to prevent the difficulties among elderly people and will improve their quality of life.
Volume 3, Issue 4 (9-2017)
Material and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was done in 2017. in this paper 64 rural elderly in Chalab and Changuleh villages in Ilam province were selected by non-randomized method and divided to case (n = 32) and control (n = 30) groups. Data collection tools were demographic information and LSI-Z life satisfaction questionnaires. The validity and reliability of questionnaire were measured. The promotion of physical activity program was carried out in four stages including assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation. Data were collected before intervention and 3 months later and then analyzed by SPSS 16 software.
Results: Before intervention, there were no significant differences between case and control groups in terms of demographic characteristics (according to chi-square test results). In the case group, the results of paired t-test showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the average of elderly’s life satisfaction before intervention (11.90) and after it (15.33). In control group, the results of paired t-test didn’t show a significant difference (p > 0.05) between the average of elderly’s life satisfaction before intervention (15.33) and after it (14.91).
Conclusion: Life satisfaction of elderlies who did the physical activity program (case group) has been increased than others who didn’t perform the physical activity program (control group). It is suggested that the native designed physical activity promotion program are used to improve the elderly’s life satisfaction in different regions of country.
Volume 5, Issue 1 (12-2018)
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 196 elderly people were enrolled using randomized cluster sampling from nursing homes in Qazvin. The research instrument was demographic information questionnaire and Rapid Physical Activity Measurement Questionnaire (RAPA). The data collected from the questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS.24 software.
Results: The mean age of the elderly in this study was 72± 8 and 25.5% of them had non-active life, and only 10.2% of the elderly had the proper activity. In this study, between education (p <0.05), previous habit of physical activity (p <0.05), current employment status (p <0.05) and Motivation (p <0.05) with physical activity A statistically significant relationship was observed.
Conclusion: Given the low level of education, employment status, motivation and habit of physical activity on the level of physical activity of the elderly, it is observed that the level of physical activity of the elderly in Qazvin urban population is low and inappropriate. Therefore, it is necessary to plan accordingly the factors affecting the physical activity of the elderly in order to promote it.
Volume 5, Issue 3 (5-2019)
Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this study consisted of active and inactive elderly with an age range (60-70) years from Kermanshah. Sampling method was available. The samples of this study included 95 subjects (63 males and 32 females) active and inactive elderly. The evaluation tool was Carver and White (1994) Behavioral Inhibition / Activation Systems Questionnaire and measured the level of physical activity.
findings: The results of two-way analysis of variance to compare the behavioral activation system in active and inactive men and women showed the main effect of gender (p = 0.83), the main effect of physical activity (p = 0.28), the interactive effect of gender and physical activity (p 0.88). =) Is not meaningful. Comparison of means showed that active male elderly have higher mean of behavioral activation system and inactive female elderly have lower mean of behavioral activation system. The results of two-way analysis of variance to compare the behavioral inhibition system in active and inactive male and female elderly showed that the main effect of gender is significant (p = 0.002). Comparison of means showed that older men have a higher average behavioral inhibition system than older women. Comparison of means showed that the active male elderly have a higher mean behavioral inhibition system and the inactive elderly elderly have a lower mean behavioral inhibition system.
Conclusion:: Findings of this study show that physical activity has an effect on nerve function and improving the quality of life of the elderly. On the other hand, due to gender differences in the functioning of brain-behavioral systems and barriers to exercise for the elderly, including health, pain, laziness and lack of motivation, On the other hand, due to gender differences in the activity of brain-behavioral systems and barriers to exercise for the elderly, including health, pain, laziness and lack of motivation, health and fitness professionals who work with adults with proper planning and motivation of the elderly. Lead to physical activity and exercise.
Volume 5, Issue 3 (5-2019)
Introduction and purpose: Aging is a process over time that leads to negative structural and functional changes in the loss of adaptation and coordination both physically and mentally. An active lifestyle can minimize the progression of many debilitating conditions and chronic diseases, as well as help achieve aging and healthy well-being. The aim of the present study was to compare the cognitive triangle and mental health in the elderly living in nursing homes, homes and active elderly.
Materials and Methods: The present was causal-comparative. The statistical population consisted of the elderly (40 people from each group) living in a nursing home, living at home and an athlete in Malayer. 120 elderly were selected by convenience sampling method based on inclusion criteria. Data collection was performed using demographic questionnaires, cognition triangle and GHQ general health questionnaire. Multivariate analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze the data.
findings: Active elderly had significantly better scores of physical symptoms, anxiety and depression than the other two groups and the elderly living in the home group had better physical symptoms, anxiety and depression than the resident group of the nursing home. For the variable of social symptoms, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the active elderly group and the elderly living in nursing homes (p <0.05). The active elderly had higher mean physical symptoms than the other two groups, There was no significant difference in nursing homes. There are significant pair differences between the scores of the cognitive triangle components of self-attitude, attitude towards the future and attitude towards the world in the groups of active elderly, home residents and nursing home residents (p <0.05). The active elderly had a significantly better score in the three components of the cognitive triangle than the other two groups and the elderly in the home group had a better score in the triangular components than the resident group in the nursing home.
Conclusion: Findings of this study show that physical activity helps to improve mental health and cognitive triangle, so to maintain mental and physical health of the elderly should be appropriate strategies.Introduction and purpose: Aging is a process over time that leads to negative structural and functional changes in the loss of adaptation and coordination both physically and mentally. An active lifestyle can minimize the progression of many debilitating conditions and chronic diseases, as well as help achieve aging and healthy well-being. The aim of the present study was to compare the cognitive triangle and mental health in the elderly living in nursing homes, homes and active elderly.
Materials and Methods: The present was causal-comparative. The statistical population consisted of the elderly (40 people from each group) living in a nursing home, living at home and an athlete in Malayer. 120 elderly were selected by convenience sampling method based on inclusion criteria. Data collection was performed using demographic questionnaires, cognition triangle and GHQ general health questionnaire. Multivariate analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze the data.
findings: Active elderly had significantly better scores of physical symptoms, anxiety and depression than the other two groups and the elderly living in the home group had better physical symptoms, anxiety and depression than the resident group of the nursing home. For the variable of social symptoms, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the active elderly group and the elderly living in nursing homes (p <0.05). The active elderly had higher mean physical symptoms than the other two groups, There was no significant difference in nursing homes. There are significant pair differences between the scores of the cognitive triangle components of self-attitude, attitude towards the future and attitude towards the world in the groups of active elderly, home residents and nursing home residents (p <0.05). The active elderly had a significantly better score in the three components of the cognitive triangle than the other two groups and the elderly in the home group had a better score in the triangular components than the resident group in the nursing home.
Conclusion: Findings of this study show that physical activity helps to improve mental health and cognitive triangle, so to maintain mental and physical health of the elderly should be appropriate strategies.
Volume 5, Issue 3 (5-2019)
Introduction and purpose: Exercise and physical activity is an important factor in the promotion of public health of people in the community, and address the issue relationship between exercise with quality of life it seems necessary. The aim of this study was to determination the quality of life in retired athletes.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive correlational study, the statistical population was all sports pioneers in Tabriz city that 104 pioneers with a mean age of 51.68 ± 8.45 years were selected from 14 sports by snowball sampling and have completed World Health Organization Quality Of Life (WHOQOL) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and independent sample t-test.
Findings: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the amount of post-retirement sports activity with the psychological health subscale and the best championship title earned by these persons with the social relations subscale; but in the physical health and environment subscales and the total life quality score there was no significant relationship. The results also showed that there is no significant difference between team and individual pioneers in the level of satisfaction from quality of life.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be stated that active sports pioneers are in a better mental health condition than their inactive counterparts using the any type of physical activity.
Volume 9, Issue 3 (6-2023)
Materials and Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest design with a control group according to the applied purpose and its method. The statistical population of the study included all elderly women in Babol in 1400. 30 people were selected as a sample according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups. Lipad quality of life questionnaires, general self-efficacy (GSE), immune system status questionnaire (ISQ) were used to collect data. In the next stage, exercise was performed in 6 sessions for the experimental group. At the end of the sessions, questionnaires were administered to both experimental and control groups. Data were analyzed with SPSS26 software.
Findings: The results of analysis of covariance showed that in terms of quality of life, immune system status and self-efficacy in the post-test phase, there is a significant difference between groups and it can be said that physical activity (walking) on safety status, self-efficacy and quality Life has been effective in elderly women (P <0.05).
Conclusion: Physical activity (walking) plays an important role in quality of life, immune system status and self-efficacy and targeting this variable can be effective in improving quality of life, immune system status and self-efficacy.
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