1 161 Special Quality of life for elderly residents in nursing home Jadidi A Farahaninia M Janmohammadi S Haghani H 1 12 2015 2 1 9 18 25 04 2015 17 10 2015 Introduction and purpose: The dramatic increase in average life expectancy resulted in increasing number of old population. The importance of improving quality of life in elderly has been highlighted recently. Therefore, the first step to promote quality of life in elderly is to acquire comprehensive information on this field. The aim of this study was to assess quality of life for elderly residents in nursing home. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 141 elderly residents of Kahrizak nursing home selected using census sampling method. Quality of life was measured using the SF36 questionnaire which assesses different dimensions of quality of life. The possible range of score for SF36 questionnaire was from 0 to 100 and the higher scores indicate higher quality of life. Findings: Results of this study showed that mean age of participants was 72.72 (SD=8.64) years old and about 52% of them were men. The mean score for quality of life was 50.36 (SD=11.3) and men’s quality of life was significantly (P<0.001) higher than women. Our findings showed that widows and illiterate elderly had lower score of quality of life compared to their counterparts. Conclusion: Quality of life for elderly participated in this study was moderate and women reported lower quality of life compared to men. Therefore, factors affecting quality of life of older people especially, older women should be considered more carefully.
157 Special Comparison of Different Concurrent Training on Physical Performance and Components of Body Composition in Elderly Kazemi A.R Ghanbarzadeh M 1 12 2015 2 1 19 28 15 08 2015 17 10 2015 Introduction and purpose: Aging is an inevitable process accompanied with a reduction in ability to perform daily living activities and a sedentary lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to compare different methods of concurrent training on physical performance and components of body composition among inactive elderly women. Materials and Methods: Forty volunteers and inactive elderly women participated in this quasi-experimental study. Participants were randomly assigned into 4 groups including resistance- endurance training (n = 10), endurance- resistance training (n = 9), interval training (n = 12) and controls (n = 9). The experimental groups participated in a 6-week exercise program consisting of 3 sessions per week. One-way ANOVA and t-test were conducted to determine significant changes within and between groups, respectively. Findings: The results indicated no significant changes between experimental groups after 8 weeks in the body fat (p = 0.08), waist hip ratio (p = 0.55), upper body strength (p = 0.07), systolic (p = 0.28) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.15). However, a significant reduction was observed in weight (p = 0.02), waist circumference (p = 0.01), hip circumference (p = 0.017), body mass index (p = 0.03), Vo2max (p = 0.03) and lower body strength (p = 0.001). Conclusion: According to results from this study it can be concluded that elderly women may benefit from advantages of concurrent training accordingly. 160 Special Assessing interpersonal communication skills of elderly in Gonabad city Mojadam M Eshghizadeh M Johari Naeimi A 1 12 2015 2 1 29 38 15 08 2015 01 11 2015 Introduction and purpose: There is an urgent need to identify challenges faced by older adults due to increasing elderly population. One of these challenges is impaired interpersonal communication skills. Therefore, this study aimed to assess interpersonal communication skills of elderly. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study employed convincing sampling method to collect 150 elderly from Gonabad city. Data were collected using the Interpersonal Communication Skills Questionnaire. SPSS version 18 were used to analyze data by T-Test, Pearson correlation and ANOVA. Findings: The results of this study showed that 73.3 % of participants are men and mean score of communication skills was 114.5 (SD= 9.93). Our findings indicated that total score of communication skills was significantly and positively associated with sub-dimensions of communication skills, sex and living conditions. However, an inverse significant association was reported between communication skills and age. Conclusion: Participants in the presents study showed a good level of communication skills in all domains. Promoting communication skills is of critical importance at old age. Hence, it is recommended to organize educational courses for improving elderly’s communication skills. 156 Special Quality of life among Elderly Living at Nursing Home in Shahroud city Khazaei Jalil S Azmoon A Abdohhali M Ghomi N Shamsizadeh M 1 12 2015 2 1 39 49 11 08 2015 01 11 2015 Introduction and purpose: Improved quality of life is considered as the ultimate goal in the care provided for elderly residing in nursing homes. However, there is a tendency to believe that nature of living in the nursing homes is accompanied with lower quality of life. This study aimed to assess quality of life among elderlies living at nursing home in Shahroud city. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study employed census-sampling method to include 53 elderlies living in Shahroud nursing homes. Data were collected using Short Form Quality of Life (SF-36) questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS 18 via independent t-test, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis. Findings:The mean score of total QOL was 53.76 (SD=32.10). The highest and lowest quality of life belonged to “social performance” (69.80±45.23) and “Emotional role playing” (32.29±28.13), respectively. In addition, quality of life was significantly (p<0.05) associated with age, gender, educational level and length of stay in nursing homes. Conclusion: Quality of life among nursing homes residents was low in emotional role-playing, physical performance and general health subscales. Accordingly, designing and implementing appropriate educational and supportive interventions to promote elderly’s QOL are of great importance. 154 Special Factors affecting quality of life among elderly living in nursing homes Taheri N Fereydouni moghaddam M Cheraghian B Hekmati pour N Hojjati H 1 12 2015 2 1 50 61 18 04 2015 01 11 2015 Introduction and purpose: Understanding factors affect quality of life at old age is considered as an important social issue particularly when population is ageing.  Acquiring such information play a vital role in enhancing quality of life among elderly. Therefore, this study aimed to assess factors affecting quality of life in nursing homes-residing elderly people. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 73 female elderly living in the nursing homes of Khoramshahr and Ahvaz city. Data were collected using two questionnaires including demographic characteristics and the SF-36 questionnaire. Data analysis was done by SPSS 13. Findings: Results from the present study showed that mean age of participants was 52.75 (S.D= 11.39) years old which ranged from 60 to 102 years. There was a significant association between quality of life and education (P<0.05), age (P=0.03), chronic disease (P<0.01) and place of residence (P=0.4). However, no significant association was observed between quality of life and marital status (P=0.62), length of stay in nursing home (P=0.4) and income (P=0.3). Conclusion: In general, elderly living in nursing homes reported lower quality of life compared to community-dwelling elderly. Therefore, nursing homes are recommended to create more caring and compassionate environment that is similar to elderly’s own home.  In addition, family members and friends are suggested to visit elderly residing in nursing homes on a regular basis in order to improve their quality of life. 159 Special Prevalence of chronic pain and its characteristics among elderly people in Ahvaz city: a cross sectional study Shirazi M Manoochehri H Zagheri Tafreshi M Zayeri F Alipour V 1 12 2015 2 1 62 78 30 09 2015 16 11 2015 Introduction and purpose: One of the major health problems in old age is chronic pain. There are some evidences showing that elderly’s chronic pain is not assessed and relieved adequately. Hence, it is essential to access accurate and sufficient information about chronic pain status to effectively manage the situation. Therefore, this study aimed to assess chronic pain prevalence and its characteristics among elderly. Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted among 205 elderly patients with chronic pain using multistage cluster sampling method. Data were collected during a period of 6 months in Ahwaz health care centers. Short version of the McGill Pain Questionnaire was used for chronic pain measurement. The internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach alpha.  Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 21) via Independent sample T test. Findings: Findings from this study showed that the most prevalent chronic pain was knee pain (80%) while, the least one was abdominal pain (13%). Majority of our participants (85%) reported having pain in multiple locations and 15% suffering from pain in a single location. Regarding type of pain, we found that cramping pain (80%) was the most prevalent type and sickening pain (22%) was the least prevalent. In addition, the most intense pain was discomforting pain (33%) and the least one was intolerable pain (19%). Pain was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in women, older than 65 years old, singles and under diploma education. There was no significant (P > 0.05) association between pain and home ownership as well as income. Conclusion: This study revealed that prevalence of chronic pain is high among old people. Attention to chronic pain features among elderly is essential for identifying vulnerable groups and delivering better treatments. The findings of this study can be used by researchers and policy makers to plan effective pain management interventions. 158 Special A comparison of distance perception in active and inactive elderly with an emphasis on physical activity Eskandarnejad M Taghizadeh S 1 12 2015 2 1 79 90 08 09 2015 18 11 2015 Introduction and purpose: Walking difficulty, visual impairment and distance perception disorders are the most important problems in old age. The purpose of this study was to compare distance perception in active and inactive elderly with an emphasis on physical activity. Materials and Methods: This causal-comparative study was conducted among elderly men in the city of Tabriz. Random sampling method was used to recruit 25 active and 25 inactive elderly into this study. Distance perception was measured by direct observation of elderly walking with closed eyes in a straight line towards pre-specified target and percentage of error was used as the indicator of distance perception. Data were analyzed using SPSS via independent sample t-test. Findings: The results of this study showed that active elderly had significantly (p<0.05) longer step length, lower number of steps and shorter walking time compared to inactive elderly. Conclusions: Findings from the present study confirmed superiority of active lifestyle in terms of physical activity.  These results show that physical activity increases the confidence in elderly to take longer steps and walk a distance in shorter time. 155 Special Assessment of Elder Abuse in adult Day Care centers Esmat Saatlou M Hossaini F Sakeni Z 1 12 2015 2 1 91 103 26 08 2015 18 11 2015 Introduction and purpose: Elder abuse is an important health problem that is becoming a major social issue in the near future due to increase number of older population.  The purpose of this study was to assess elder abuse and its dimensions in day care centers.  Materials and Methods:This cross sectional study was conducted among elderly utilizing day care services in rehabilitation institute of Mohhamad Shahr city. The elder abuse questionnaire was used to collect data from 65 seniors and data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: Findings from this study confirmed existence of elder abuse in seniors utilizing day care services. The most prevalent type of elder abuse attributed to mental abuse followed by financial abuse, neglect and lastly physical abuse. Our findings revealed that single elderly women are more vulnerable to abuse. Additionally, we found that the likelihood of becoming a victim of elder abuse increases with age (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Elder abuse exists in the society but victims are often hidden because of cultural reasons. There is no official statistics on magnitude of the elder abuse due to lack of  formal institutes to disseminate such information.   Rehabilitation centers are places where different types and extent of possible abuse can be recognized. Caring professions such as nursing, social work, psychology and medicine can implement three level of prevention. Furthermore, interdisciplinary interaction of such professions plays an effective role on interventions of elderly rehabilitation team.