1 130 Special Evaluation energy expenditure metabolic equivalent based on the physical activity pattern of weekly in elderly Kashan Sadrollahi A Khalili Z Hosseinian M Masoudi Alavi N 1 9 2015 1 4 9 23 09 04 2015 01 08 2015 Introduction and purpose: Physical activity is an important component of health at old age and energy expenditure vary according to level of physical activity. The current study aimed to assess physical activity-related energy expenditure and metabolic equivalent of elderly in Kashan, Iran. Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 elderly (aged more than 60 years old) attending to health care centers of Kashan. The sampling method in this study was multiple-stage cluster sampling. International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to calculate physical activity and the metabolic equivalent. Data analyzed using SPSS version 16 by employing variety of tests including descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Kruskal-Wallis test and regression. The significance level for all the tests were considered p<0.05. Findings: The results of this study indicated that average metabolic expenditure of elderly was 364.84 ±326.21 (IQR=222). Majority of elderly (%79.2) placed in low energy expenditure category and mainly (%87.2) had low levels of physical activity. Our findings showed a significant relationship between the average energy expenditure with physical activity level (p=0.001). According to the results of regression analysis, walking (p=0.001), personal affairs (p=0.001), housekeeping Affairs (p=0.001), activities related to leisure time (p=0.001) and sedentary activities (p=0.001) were significant predictors of energy expenditure among elderly. Conclusion: The results of current study showed that elderly had low level of energy expenditure and physical activity. Thereby, it is recommended to provide opportunities for physical activity at health-care centers and educate staffs for motivating elderly to have an active life.
131 Special The relationship between social support and sense of humor on life expectancy in the elderly Yazd Barzegar Bafrooei K Ahali Abadeh M Mohamadi GHaletaky S 1 9 2015 1 4 24 35 19 04 2015 16 08 2015 Introduction and purpose:  Growing number of old population in Iran highlights the importance of research on elderly-related issues to increase their quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess potential relationship between social support and sense of humor with life expectancy of elderly in Yazd city. Materials & Methods: This descriptive study employed convenience sampling method to include 100 elderly residing in the Yazd city. Data were collected using three questionnaires including; Philips social support, Thorson & Powel Multidimensional sense of humor scale and Snyder’s life expectancy questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Regression and T-test were used to analyze the data. Findings: Results of the current study showed a significance relationship between life expectancy and social support as well as sense of humor. Findings from the Regression analysis indicated that social support and sense of humor can predict life expectancy of elderly. In addition, gender-specific analysis in the present study revealed that men had higher sense of humor while, women had higher life expectancy. However, there was no significant difference in terms of social support between men and women. Conclusion: This study showed that sense of human and social support is associated with increased life expectancy among elderly. With regards to the importance of elderly population in Iran, scholars are encouraged to conduct more research dealing with the elderly-related issues. Moreover, old population as a part of society needs to receive further support from government and individuals. Keywords: Life expectancy; Sense of humor; Social support; Elderly 134 Special Dynamic Gait Index in older womenWith and withouta history offalling Abdiani M Golpayegani M Khajavi D Abdiani M Rezvanjoo N 1 9 2015 1 4 36 48 12 05 2015 01 09 2015 Introduction and purpose: Balance is an index to determine level of elderly independency in their daily activities.The present study, aimed to determine validity and reliability of "dynamic gaiting index (DGI)" in old women. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted among 80 elderly aged more than 60 years old in Dehdasht city. The data were analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis with Prinicpal Component Analysis (PCA) and Varimax rotation, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, Cronbach’s Alpha, and U-Man-Withney test. Findings: The results indicated that Persian version of DGI is a uni-dimensional construct with factor loading of 0.69.  Our findings revealed that these eight items explains 86.26 % of variability in DGI and the Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.89. In addition, Inter-rater reliability shows that the correlation between two raters, was significant and high (p<0/0001, r=0.714). Likewise, the test-retest correlation, was significant and high (p<0.0001, r=0.876). Conclusion: This study showed that Persian version of dynamic gait index is consistent with the original English version.  Therefore, the dynamic gait index can be used in clinical, therapeutic and research settings to identify senior women who are at risk of falls. 133 Special Study Quality of life and related factors in hemodialysis patients referred to teaching hospitals in Zanjan Moeini V Shiri P Akhlaghi M 1 9 2015 1 4 49 59 29 04 2015 01 09 2015 Introduction and purpose: Assessing patients’ quality of life enables researchers to focus on key problems and apply the best treatment approaches. This study aimed to assess quality of life at hemodialysis patients hospitalized in HazratVali-Asr and Dr Beheshti hospitals in Zanjan city. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 74 hemodialysis patients hospitalized in two centers of Zanjan city. Data were collected during three months using standardized quality of life questionnaire for patients with renal failure (KDQOL). This questionnaire composes of two parts including; questions related to quality of life short form(sf36) and questions related to factors associated with renal disease. Findings: The results of this study showed that 8.1 percent of patients had poor quality of life, 70.2 percent had relatively good quality of life and 20.2 percent had a good quality of life. The highest score in the nine dimensions of quality of life belong to pain score (57.6%) and the lowest mean score attributed to physical health problems. Conclusion: The results of this study provide valuable information for professionals and policy makers to enhance patients’ quality of life by strengthening and supporting policies. 132 Special Effectiveness of GroupCognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Death Anxiety among the Breavement Elderly‌‌Man Ghamari kivi H Zahed bablan A Fathi D 1 9 2015 1 4 60 69 24 04 2015 01 09 2015 Introductionand purpose: The mourning experience is a common phenomenon among elderly. Losing friends and peers along with senility and proximity to death intensify anxiety of death. The aim of  present study was to assess the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral therapy on death anxiety among the breavement elderly man. Materials and Methods: The current study is a quasi experimental research using posttest-pretest with control group. We used convinience sampling method to include 30 elderly residing at a nursing homes in Ardebil City. Templer Death anxiety questionnaire (DAS) was administrated in both pretest and posttest.  The cognitive-behavioral intervention was implimented during eight sessions and each session takes about 90 minutes. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Findings: Our findings indicated that groupcognitive-behavioral therapy significantluy reduced death anxiety of elderly (p<0.001). Conclusion:  According to the results of this research, group cognitive-behavioral therapy lreduces death anxiety of elderly via helping them to accept death. 137 Special The Study of Self-Assessed Health among the Elderly of Yasuj city, Iran, 2015 Movahedmajd M jahanbazian S 1 9 2015 1 4 70 81 27 07 2015 06 09 2015 Introduction and purpose: Perceived health status is an effective approach in evaluating health status that reflects biological, mental, and spiritual aspect of health. The aim of this study was to investigate perceived health status among elderly of Yasuj city. Materials & Methods: This survey was carried out among 360 elderly living in Yasuj. We used cluster sampling method to collect data. Winfield & Tuckerman Perceived health status questionnaire were used to collect data. This questionnaire measure four dimensions of health including physical health, psychological distress, social function and depression. Data were analyzed using SPSS software by employing descriptive statistics, independent t- test and Regression analysis. Findings: Mean score of the global perceived health status was 13.65 ± 72.35 in which 64.2% of elderly reported moderate level of perceived health status. Mean scores of the four dimenisons of health were 14.72 ± 4.86, 18.94 ±5.61, 20.02 ±5, 18.66 ±3.96 for physical health, anxiety, social function and depression, respectively. Perceived health status significantly associated with demographic variables such as age, education, socio-economic class, disease, cultural and social values such as health behaviors, social support and self-esteem. However, there was no significant relationship between gender and perceived health status. The results of regression analysis showed that 27% of perceived health status variability is explained by the four variables of self - esteem, patient history, health behavior and education. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed moderate level of health status among elderly living in Yasuj city. In addition, health status of elderly can be affected by cultural- and social factors. 136 Special Impresment Spiritual Intelligence on the Quality of life and Psychological well Being Among the Elderly Living Nursing home in Bandar Abbas Zamani SN Bahrainian SA Ashrafi S Moqtaderi SH 1 9 2015 1 4 82 94 13 07 2015 06 09 2015 Introduction and purpose: Aging population is accompanied with several elderly-related issues such as psychological disorders which influence their mental health status. Spiritual intelligence is the foundation of individual beliefs that performs fundamental role in various fields of human life especially in promoting mental health and quality of life. The purpose of this research was to assess effect of spiritual intelligence on quality of life and psychological well being among elderly residing at nursing homes. Materials & Methods: This quasi-experiment study was conducted among 50 elderly residing at a nursing home in Bandar Abbas city (N:124). Participants were categorized in two groups of intervention and control using convenience-sampling method. Data were collected by two questionnaires including quality of life (SF-12) questionnaire and psychological well-being (RPWB). The intervention group received 15 educational sessions on spiritual intelligence which last for two months. Questionnaires were administrated prior to intervention, at the last session of intervention and two months after intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated measurement analysis and Post hoc test. Findings:  Our results showed that level of quality of life and psychological well-being was significantly different (P<0.0001) between interventions and controls. In addition, we found that quality of life and psychological well-being significantly improved after intervention (P<0.0001). Conclusion: According to the findings from this study, intervention on spiritual intelligence effectively enhances quality of life and psychological well-being of Elderly. 135 Special Investigating the Elders’ Social Health and Its Related Factors: a Case Study of Azarshahr City seyfzadeh A 1 9 2015 1 4 95 106 04 07 2015 06 09 2015 Introduction and purpose: Scholars in the field of humanities and biology consider elderly as the last period of human life. The main purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to the elderly social health in Azarshahr city. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted among 312 elderly aged more than 65 years old residing in Azarshahr city.  Participants were recruited using stratified random sampling method. We collected data using using Keyes's Social well-being Questionnaire consisted of 23 questions (4-points Likert type) with answers ranging from “Always” to “Never”.  Furthermore, degree of social support was measured using Sarason’s Social Support Questionnaire. Independent sample t-test and ANOVA were used to analysis data using SPSS software. Findings: Findings from this study showed that 56.5% of respondents had acceptable level of social health while, 43.5% had low level of social health. There were significant relationships between elderly social health and age (p< 0.05), social support (p< 0.01) and socio-economic status (p<0.001). However, there was no significant relationship between social health and gender (p=0.28) as well as marital status (p=0.67). Conclusion: Our findings showed that social health did not differ across gender and marital status. Nevertheless, social health status deteriorates by advancement of age and decreased level of social support. Therefore, elderly who receive higher level of social support are healthier. Finally, the results of current study revealed that elderly with high socio-economic status have better social health.